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PCOS Symptoms and Causes: ‘PCOS Awareness Month 2023’ is observed every year in the month of September. PCOS Awareness Month, celebrated from September 1 to 30, aims to help improve the lives of those affected by PCOS. It aims to help relieve its symptoms as well as reduce its risks. People are made aware by giving information about this problem faced by women through various programs throughout the month. Let’s know what are the symptoms, causes and treatment methods of polycystic ovary syndrome.
What is polycystic ovary syndrome?
Dr. Polycystic ovary syndrome is also called PCOS, says Sushma Tomar, consultant – obstetrician and gynaecologist, Fortis Hospital (Kalyan Mumbai). It is a hormonal problem in women. Due to this, the level of androgen (male hormone found in lesser quantity in women) in their body increases significantly. PCOS causes hormonal imbalance in women, causing irregular periods. Conceiving naturally also becomes difficult.
Why are PCOS cases increasing in India?
Dr. Sushma Tomar says that this problem is increasing rapidly in the country, especially in urban areas. Polycystic ovary syndrome can be caused by genetic factors. Sometimes lifestyle related factors like inactive lifestyle, excessive consumption of junk food, not eating healthy meals at home, stress, lack of exercise etc. can also cause PCOS. Today, especially in the last two decades, the way of living in the urban areas of the country has changed a lot. According to a recent study, nearly one in five Indian women (20%) suffer from PCOS. However, many of the effects of PCOS can be controlled through exercise and diet.
Causes of PCOS
Generally, PCOS affects women between the ages of 20-35. In young women, it causes irregular periods, unwanted hair in various parts of the body such as upper lips, chin, armpits and abdomen and obesity. In slightly older women, it can cause problems like inability to conceive, risk of miscarriage, congenital diabetes, pregnancy with high blood pressure, congenital abnormalities in children.
Although the exact cause of PCOS is unknown, factors may include genetics, insulin resistance and inflammation, all of which factor into excess androgen production. It is also said that PCOS cannot be considered as just a disease, as it is a metabolic and hormonal problem. This is due to lifestyle and eating habits.
When to see a doctor?
Whatever health problem you are going through, every woman is advised to consult a gynecologist once a year. In addition, seek medical attention in the following situations:
Irregular periods, symptoms associated with PCOS, such as unwanted hair growth, acne, hair loss,
Inability to conceive despite having unprotected sex
Treatment of PCOS
Typically, doctors diagnose PCOS in women with the help of pelvic exams, ultrasonography and hormonal blood tests. This test is usually done when a woman is menstruating. This helps determine their baseline hormones and the size of their uterus. Additionally, laparoscopic ovarian drilling can be performed in infertility patients who are unable to ovulate on time. Once PCOS is diagnosed, treatment usually involves lifestyle changes such as weight loss, diet and exercise. In some cases the treatment plan includes hormonal treatment for 3-6 months.
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